arthroscopic endoscopy (commonly called)arthroscopy"is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a small"."fiber-optic camera (arthroscope) and specialized instruments to diagnose and treat joint disorders"(영어).it requires only tiny incisions (5-10 mm), resulting in less pain, faster recovery.2012년 2월 1일에 확인함."detailed overview of its application in the"knee, shoulder, wrist, hip, and finger jointsincluding diagnostic goals and common surgical procedures.
the knee is themost commonly arthroscoped joint(영어) the high load bearing function and susceptibility to injuries (e.g., sports trauma, osteoarthritis).
- 내부 구조 (evaluate internal structures):menisci (cartilage cushions), anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments (acl/pcl).medial/lateral collateral ligaments (mcl/lcl), articular cartilage, synovium (joint lining).
- identify pathology:meniscal tears, ligament sprains/ruptures, cartilage damage (osteochondritis dissecans), synovitis (inflammation)fluid buildup 또는 loose bodies (floating bone/cartilage fragments) 또는 joint effusion (fluid buildup).
the shoulder is a complex.볼앤소켓 (ball-and-socket) prone to overuse injuries and instability. arthroscopy is preferred here to avoid오픈 surgery에서 disrupting surrounding muscles (e.g., rotator cuff).
- assess the rotator cuff (4 muscles/tendons):supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis), glenoid labrum (fibrocartilage rim), biceps tendon,and acromioclavicular (ac) joint.
- tears (rotator cuff, labrum), tendinitis (e.g., supraspinatus tendinitis),impingement syndrome (acromion compressing the rotator cuff), 또는 shoulder instability (dislocations).
- rotator cuff repair:humerus (upper arm bone) using anchors (screws) and sutures. reattach torn tendons to the humerus (upper arm bone비교 to open surgery.
- bankart repair labral repair (뱅크아트 리페어):fixes a torn glenoid labrum (often caused by shoulder dislocations) to restore joint stability and prevent recurrentdislocations.
- subacromial decompression:treats impingement syndrome by removing bone spurs on the acromion or inflamed bursa (fluid-filled sac).relieving pressure on the rotator cuff.
- biceps tenodesisaddresses a torn or unstable biceps tendon by reattaching it to the humerus, reducing pain and"popeye"deformity.
8 small carpal bones with delicate,"small carpal bones".making open surgery risky for nearby nerves and tendons. arthroscopy is ideal for precise diagnosis and minimallyinvasive treatment.
- evaluate carpal bones, intercarpal ligaments, triangular fibrocartilage complex (tfcc)a cartilage structure that stabilizes the wrist), and synovium.
- diagnose tfcc tears (common in falls on outstretched hands), carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve compression).ligament sprains (e.g., scapholunate ligament) 또는 arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis).
- tfcc imk/debridementtears with sutures repairs stable tfcc tears with sutures;trims damaged tissue for irreparable tears to reduce pain during wrist movement.
- 카팔 터널 릴리즈:cutting the transverse carpal ligament ("roof"of the carpal tunnel). 「 transverse carpal tunnel 」.arthroscopic releids a large palm incision, reducing scarring and recovery time.
- ligament reconstruction:fixes torn intercarpal ligaments (e.g. scapholunate ligament) using grafts (e.g.)tendon grafts to restore wrist stability and prevent carpal collapse.
- synovectomyremoves inflamed synovium in arthritic wrists to reduce swelling and preserve joint function.
hip arthroscopy was once less common but has grown rapidly due to advances in instrumentationincisions of open hip surgery (e.g., total hip replacement for early-stage disease).
- assess the acetabulum (hip socket), femoral head (ball of the hip), labrum (acetabular rim cartilage), 그리고 hip capsule.
- detect femoroacetabular impingement (fai abnormal bone growth causing joint friction).labral tears (often linked to fai), hip dysplasia (shallow acetabulum), or synovitis.
- fai correction (cam/pincer resection):femoral head (cam deformity) or acetabulum (pincer deformity) to eliminate friction and removes excess bone from the femoral head (cam deformity) to eliminate frictionprevent further cartilage damage.
- acetabular labral repair:acetabulum sutures torn labral tissue to the acetabulum.restoring joint stability and reducing pain (critical for athletes or active individuals).
- capsular release hip:a tight hip capsule from relieves stiffness from a tight hip capsule (예.in athletes with overuse injuries) by cutting or stretching the capsule to improve range of motion.
- loose body removalextracts floating bone/cartilage fragments (from fai or trauma) that cause hip clicking or locking.
finger joints (metacarpophalangeal joints, mcp;proximal interphalangeal joints,pip) are small but essential for fine motor function. arthroscopy is used to treat injuries from sports (e.g., arthroscopy).basketball) or repetitive use.
- evaluate joint cartilage, collateral ligaments (radial/ulnar), volar plate (stabilizes pip joints), 그리고 synovium.
- diagnose collateral ligament tears (e.g.,"skier's thumb"-ulnar collateral ligament tear of the thumb mcp joint)pip joint dislocations, cartilage damage, or synovitis (e.g., psoriatic arthritis).
- collateral ligament repair/reconstruction"repairs torn thumb or finger ligaments with sutures".uses tendon grafts for severe tears (e.g., chronic skier's thumb) to restore grip strength.
- pip joint stabilization:fixes dislocated or unstable pip joints by repairing the volar plate or removing loose fragments"swan-neck"또는"boutonniere"deformities preventing".
- cartilage microfracture:stimulates cartilage repair in small cartilage defects by creating tiny holes in the bone (releases bone marrow cells)"new cartilage form".
- synovectomy:removes inflamed synovium in arthritic finger joints to reduce swelling and preserve joint mobility (prevents permanent)deformity)다.
비교 to traditional open surgery, arthroscopy offers universal benefits:
- minimally invasive"tiny incisions reduce scarring, pain, and risk of infection".
- 쓰기 recoverypatients often return to daily activities within weeks (vs. months for open surgery).
- precise visualization:실시간 구조 (real-time images of internal joint structures, arthroscope provides high definition)enabling accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment.
- tissue damage reduced"avoids cutting through large muscles or tendons, preserving normal joint function".
recovery varies by joint and procedure but typically includes:
- immobilization(e.g., knee/hip) temporary use of braces, splints, or crutches to protect the joint.
- physical therapy"guided exercises to restore range of motion, strength, and stability (critical for long-term outcomes)".
- pain 매니지먼트over-the-counter analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen) or prescription medications (short-term) to control discomfort.
- follow-upregular arthroscopic checkups to monitor healing and adjust rehabilitation plans.
in summary,arthroscopic endoscopy has revolutionized joint care by combining diagnostic accuracy with minimally invasive treatmentmaking it the gold standard for many knee, shoulder, wrist, hip,finger disorders-능동적 individuals seeking rapid recovery especially in active individuals.
